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The primary goal of this research is to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Sumatriptan succinate by incorporating it in the mucoadhesive film for the treatment of migraine. Mucoadhesive film offers an excellent substitute to deliver the drug in the systemic circulation and eliminate the chance of first-pass metabolism.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is common among people with epilepsy in low-resource settings. Prevalence of NCC and radiological characteristics of patients with NCC vary considerably even within small areas but differences have been poorly characterized so far.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common widespread primary pain condition, with a worldwide prevalence of 2%-4%. Recent research has revealed important evidence for changes in central and peripheral nervous system functions and immunological activity. The diagnosis of FMS can be challenging with no known clinical laboratory investigations to confirm or refute its presence. Symptoms are commonly multiple, fluctuant and may not easily align with established medical diagnostic categories. It can be difficult for patients to articulate their array of symptoms, and for both patients and healthcare professionals to fully make sense of the complexities of the condition. As such, patients may be diagnosed inaccurately with alternative conditions, delaying diagnosis by years. The recent publication of the Royal College of Physicians' guidance aims to support clinicians in the diagnosis of FMS. Its purpose is to provide succinct, relevant information for patients and clinicians about FMS and its diagnosis.

Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) are widely used to alleviate lumbosacral radicular pain. Knowledge of the therapeutic outcomes of TFESI allows clinicians to elucidate therapeutic plans for managing lumbosacral radicular pain. Deep learning (DL) can outperform traditional machine learning techniques and learn from unstructured and perceptual data. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a representative DL model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.12.008.].

Discogenic low back pain (DLBP) is considered the most common type of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Sinuvertebral nerve block (SVNB) is a rapid and precise intervention performed under local anesthesia to treat DLBP induced CLBP. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of SVNB for DLBP.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to a global pandemic in March 2020 that has involved tens of millions of people. To date, prophylactic vaccines have been found to be the most effective method to contain the pandemic. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune skin disease that mainly affects older individuals.

Male cattle reared for beef are typically castrated. Male calves born on dairy farms are increasingly reared for beef, so a better understanding of how to humanely perform this procedure in dairy systems is now required. We studied the short-term affective responses of dairy calves to castration using a conditioned place aversion paradigm. Young Holstein bulls (16 d old, n = 30) were castrated by either rubber ring (n = 15) or surgery (n = 15), and then kept in a visually distinctive recovery pen for 6 h after the procedure. Calves acted as their own control and were sham castrated and allowed to recover for 6 h in another visually distinctive pen. During both castration and sham procedures, calves received a sedative (xylazine, 0.2 mg/kg), local anesthetic (lidocaine, 5 mL), and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (meloxicam, 0.5 mg/kg). After exposure to both treatments (castration and sham), calves were tested for place aversion by providing free access to the 2 pens where they experienced the different treatments. Calves were tested for aversion 48, 72, and 96 h after their last treatment. We recorded how much time they spent in each pen and where they chose to rest. We did not find differences in time spent resting or resting location, suggesting that calves did not form a more negative memory of castration in comparison to the sham procedure. The lack of treatment effects may be due to features of our testing paradigm, including effective multimodal pain control during the 6-h conditioning period and limiting testing to the first days after the procedure.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease characterized by vascular injury with endothelial cell and platelet activation, immune dysregulation with inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast activation. The Raynaud phenomenon and puffy hands and fingers are common early manifestations of the disease that have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Vasodilators such as calcium channel blockers, PDE5 inhibitors, and prostacyclin analogs are recommended treatments, but they often have side effects and are not always effective. Ozone is an oxygen donor, an immunomodulator, an inducer of antioxidant enzymes and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a metabolic booster, and a stem cell activator. I report the case of a scleroderma patient treated effectively with autohemotherapy with ozone and a clear reduction of Raynaud's episodes and resolution of the edema of the hands. Furthermore, the capillaroscopic evaluation showed a rapid modification of the microcirculation which remained unchanged for months. Ozone therapy is effective to treat the Raynaud phenomenon and hand edema and should be considered, at least, as a complementary therapy to the standard of care, especially in patients who are unresponsive or with frequent adverse drug reactions. Further studies will be needed to confirm the efficacy of ozone therapy in scleroderma vasculopathy.