Uncategorized

 Migraine underdiagnosis and undertreatment are so widespread, that hence is essential to diagnose migraine sufferers in nonclinical settings. A systematic review of validation studies on migraine diagnostic tools applicable to nonclinical settings can help researchers and practitioners in tool selection decisions.

Opioids remain important in postoperative analgesia although the focus is on using them as part of multimodal regimens where it is not possible to avoid their use completely. The development of novel agents with more favourable adverse effect profiles may increase safety whilst maintaining efficacy.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted seeking and delivery of healthcare. Different Australian jurisdictions implemented different COVID-19 restrictions. We used Australian national pharmacy dispensing data to conduct interrupted time series analyses to examine the incidence and prevalence of opioid dispensing in different jurisdictions. Following nationwide COVID-19 restrictions, the incidence dropped by -0.40 [-0.50, -0.31], -0.33 [-0.46, -0.21] and -0.21 [-0.37, -0.04] /1000 people/week and prevalence dropped by -0.85 [-1.39, -0.31], -0.54 [-1.01, -0.07] and -0.62 [-0.99, -0.25] /1000 people/week in Victoria, New South Wales and other jurisdictions, respectively. Incidence and prevalence increased by 0.29 [0.13, 0.44] and 0.72 [0.11, 1.33] /1000 people/week, respectively in Victoria post-lockdown; no significant changes were observed in other jurisdictions. No significant changes were observed in the initiation of long-term opioid use in any jurisdictions. More stringent restrictions coincided with more pronounced reductions in overall opioid initiation, but initiation of long-term opioid use did not change.

Lower back pain (LBP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common musculoskeletal disorders and account for around 17.0% of years lived with disability worldwide; however, there is a lack of real-world data on these conditions. Paracetamol brands are frequently prescribed in France for musculoskeletal pain and include Doliprane, Dafalgan, and Ixprim (tramadol-paracetamol).

We sought to predict analgesic response to daily oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or subcutaneous tanezumab 2.5 mg (every 8 weeks) at week 16 in patients with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis, based on initial treatment response over 8 weeks.

Gabapentin is a recommended first-line agent for treating neuropathic pain; however, its efficacy rate is reportedly low, and the risk of adverse events is high. A plausible explanation for this lies with its wide range of actions, the entirety of which have yet to be fully elucidated.

Traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Secondary to the lesion, resident or infiltrating macrophages proliferate and initiate a cross-talk with the sensory neurons, at the level of peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia. The neuron-macrophage interaction, which starts very early after the lesion, is very important for promoting pain development and for initiating changes that will facilitate the chronicization of pain, but it also has the potential to facilitate the resolution of injury-induced changes and, consequently, promote the reduction of pain. This review is an overview of the unique characteristics of nerve-associated macrophages in the peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia and of the molecules and signaling pathways involved in the neuro-immune cross-talk after a traumatic lesion, with the final aim of better understanding how the balance between pro- and anti-nociceptive dialogue between neurons and macrophages may be modulated for new therapeutic approaches.

Manifestations of psoriasis in special areas are difficult to treat and are associated with a high disease burden and significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. Topical therapies may be inadequate for these patients, necessitating systemic treatment.

Nanoparticulate TiO (TiO NPs) is a widely used material, whose potential toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has been addressed by multiple studies. TiO NPs are considered toxic due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can, among others, lead to cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and differences in gene expression. TiO NPs exhibited toxicity in multiple organs in animals, generating potential health risks also in humans, such as developing tumors or progress of preexisting cancer processes. On the other hand, the capability of TiO NPs to induce cell death has found application in photodynamic therapy of cancers. In aquatic environments, much has been done in understanding the impact of TiO on bivalves, in which an effect on hemocytes, among others, is reported. Adversities are also reported from other aquatic organisms, including primary producers. These are affected also on land and though some potential benefit might exist when it comes to agricultural plants, TiO can also lead to cellular damage and should be considered when it comes to transfer along the food chain towards human consumers. In general, much work still needs to be done to unravel the delicate balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of TiO NPs on eukaryotic cells.