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HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in RNA processing, stability, and translation. Previously, we examined protein synthesis in orsal oot anglion (DRG) neurons treated with inflammatory mediators using ribosome profiling. We found that the HuR consensus binding element was enriched in transcripts with elevated translation. HuR is expressed in the soma of nociceptors and their axons. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR with the small molecule CMLD-2 reduced the activity of mouse and human sensory neurons. Peripheral administration of CMLD-2 in the paw or genetic elimination of HuR from sensory neurons diminished behavioral responses associated with NGF and IL-6 induced allodynia in male and female mice. Genetic disruption of HuR altered the proximity of mRNA decay factors near a key neurotrophic factor (TrkA). Collectively, the data suggest that HuR is required for local control of mRNA stability and reveals a new biological function for a broadly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory factor.Nociceptors undergo long-lived changes in excitability which may contribute to chronic pain. Noxious cues that promote pain lead to rapid induction of protein synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that confer specificity to mRNA control in nociceptors are unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RNA-binding protein called HuR as a key regulatory factor in sensory neurons. Using a combination of genetics and pharmacology, we demonstrate that HuR is required for signaling in nociceptors. In doing so, we report an important mechanism of mRNA control in sensory neurons that ensures appropriate nociceptive responses to inflammatory mediators.

Biliary atresia is a rare obstructive cholangiopathy that presents in infants. The Kasai portoenterostomy procedure, which reestablishes biliary drainage into the intestine, is a surgical procedure that has been found to improve survival with the native liver. The options for postoperative analgesia include systemic opioids and epidural analgesia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the postoperative systemic opioids used in morphine equivalents (mg/kg) on postoperative days 0 through 3 between patients who underwent a Kasai portoenterostomy and received a thoracic epidural infusion to those without thoracic epidural analgesia.

The artificial reproduction of the tactile sensory function of natural skin is crucial for intelligent sensing, human-computer interaction, and medical health. Thermal nociception is an essential human tactile function to avoid noxious thermal stimuli, which depends on the specific heat-activation of the TRPV1 ion channel. Inspired by the TRPV1, a dynamic ionic liquid with heat-activation characteristics is designed and prepared, which can be activated at 45 °C, which is near the physiological noxious temperature, accompanied by a steep rise in electrical response signals. Its electrical behavior can be deemed to be the extreme version of temperature sensation similar to the natural thermal nociceptor. The heat-activation mechanism is confirmed as a feasible strategy to regulate the thermal response behavior of ions, and this reported dynamic ionic liquid has an unprecedented intrinsic temperature response sensitivity of up to 156.79%/°C. In consideration of the similarity between the heat-activated dynamic ionic liquid and the TRPV1 ion channel in terms of heat-activation characteristics, electrical output signal, and ultrathermal sensitivity, an all-liquid ionic skin with the ability of thermal nociception is further fabricated, which shows considerable potential to assist patients with tactile desensitization to avoid noxious thermal stimuli.

In 1995, a committee of the International Headache Society developed and published the first edition of the These have not been revised. With the emergence of new medications, neuromodulation devices and trial designs, an updated version of the International Headache Society is warranted. Given the scarcity of evidence-based data for cluster headache therapies, the update is largely consensus-based, but takes into account lessons learned from recent trials and demands by patients. It is intended to apply to both drug and neuromodulation treatments, with specific proposals for the latter when needed. The primary objective is to propose a template for designing high quality, state-of-the-art, controlled clinical trials of acute and preventive treatments in episodic and chronic cluster headache. The recommendations should not be regarded as dogma and alternative solutions to particular methodological problems should be explored in the future and scientifically validated.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw is rare in the healthy populations of developed countries and presents with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical presentation: Patient 1 presented with a dull, occasionally throbbing pain in the left mandible of 1.5 years duration. There was associated trismus which alternated between improving and worsening. The patient had features mimicking a variant of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). She was misdiagnosed and treated for myogenous TMD without symptom relief. Patient 2 presented with intermittent dull pain with mastication and facial swelling over the right mandible for 1 year. She was treated by the referring dental practitioner for myogenous TMD without symptom relief. Clinical and radiologic findings confirmed a diagnosis of chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis in both cases, and conservative treatment, including antibiotics, relieved the pain with no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: The importance of including chronic osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic orofacial pain disorders is emphasized. If the management of myogenous TMD is unsuccessful, there is a possibility of a misdiagnosis, and a differential diagnosis, including chronic osteomyelitis, needs to be reconsidered.

The aim of this commentary is to discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the Cochrane Review "Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain" (1) by Hayden JA, Ellis J, Ogilvie R, Malmivaara A and van Tulder MW [1] published by Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. This Cochrane Corner is produced in agreement with Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine by Cochrane Rehabilitation with views* of the review summary authors in the "implications for practice" section. This summary is based on a Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 9, Art. No.:CD009790, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009790.pub2 (see www.cochranelibrary.com for information). Cochrane Reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews should be consulted for the most recent version of the review. * The views expressed in the summary with commentary are those of the Cochrane Corner author (different than the original Cochrane Review authors) and do not represent the Cochrane Library or Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.

Chronic steroid intake has been associated with attenuation of neuromuscular block. Despite some promising animal and adult studies, the effect of a single dose of intravenous dexamethasone on neuromuscular blockers is not well established. Thus, the present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of dexamethasone given at the time of induction for the prevention of PONV on the action of neuromuscular blockers in children undergoing elective surgery.

Previous studies have shown favourable short-term results after Bascom's pit-pick procedure for simple pilonidal sinus disease. A minimum five-year follow-up is considered the gold standard but only few long-term studies have been reported. We aimed to estimate the long-term risk of treatment failure, incomplete wound healing or recurrence, postoperative complications and patient reported outcome measures such as chronic pain and satisfaction with cosmetic appearance.

Neuropathic arthropathy (NA) is a long-term progressive disorder that causes joint destruction in the existence of a neurologic deficit. Minor injuries and fractures are commonly overlooked until the visible joint deterioration becomes persistent. Syringomyelia is one of the important causes of NA. The appearance of clinical signs in syringomyelia is caused by longitudinal cysts formed in the cervical and cervicothoracic regions of the spinal cord. Depending on the existence of the underlying disorder, the number and localization of the syrinxes, a range of symptoms, involving pain, sensation deficit, loss of motor function, and deep tendon reflex abnormality, emerge. The case is here described of a 68-year-old female patient with shoulder NA following syringomyelia, who partially responded to the rehabilitation program. Furthermore, the available case reports were comprehensively reviewed on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline. Furthermore, the available case reports were comprehensively evaluated on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline. Thus, we aimed to present the demographic characteristics, symptoms, physical examination signs, treatment, and follow-up parameters of syringomyelia-related shoulder NA cases.