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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hollow fiber membranes are one of the synthetic polymer hollow fiber membranes used to the hollow fiber artificial kidney. A PMMA hollow fiber membrane (PMMA membrane) has unique properties including the uniform structure and the adsorption property. Hemodialyzers using PMMA membranes, Filtryzer®, were approved in Japan in 1977 and have been used worldwide for over 40 years and so is a historical hemodialyzer.Various types in Filtryzer® having different pore sizes are developed and used in the clinical field. Filtryzer® B3 is a low-flux dialyzer. Filtryzer® BK has three types having different pore sizes, and above all, BK-F has the largest pores in the Filtryzer® series. Filtryzer® BG has a more uniform membrane structure by using weak anionic polymers compared with the earlier Filtryzer® series to remove β2-MG more. Filtryzer® NF is the latest Filtryzer® series and was developed as a dialyzer having improved antithrombogenicity compared with previous models and having protein adsorption property as the same with them. There have been many reports concerning Filtryzer® including improvement of patients' symptoms such as pruritus and nutrition on the advantages for dialysis patients. Although PMMA membranes are historic dialysis tools used for over 40 years, they are also modern dialysis membranes that have been updated to respond to dialysis therapy at those time.

Oral NEPA is the fixed-combination antiemetic comprising netupitant (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK RA]) and palonosetron (5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist [5-HT RA]). Intravenous (IV) NEPA, containing fosnetupitant, a water-soluble N-phosphoryloxymethyl prodrug of netupitant, has been developed. Fosnetupitant does not require excipients or solubility enhancers often used to increase IV NK RA water solubility, preventing the occurrence of hypersensitivity and infusion-site reactions associated with these products. In this phase 1 study, subjects received a 30-minute placebo or fosnetupitant (17.6-353 mg) infusion and an oral NEPA or placebo capsule, with 2-sequence crossover treatment for fosnetupitant 118- to 353-mg dose cohorts. IV fosnetupitant safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, and its equivalence to an oral netupitant 300-mg dose was defined. Overall, 158 healthy volunteers were enrolled. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in intensity. Doppler-identified infusion-site asymptomatic thrombosis occurred in 5.4% (fosnetupitant) and 1.2% (oral NEPA) of subjects. The frequency or number of treatment-related AEs did not increase with ascending fosnetupitant doses. The most common treatment-related AEs were headache (fosnetupitant, 8.1%; oral NEPA, 12.7%) and constipation (fosnetupitant, 1.4%; oral NEPA, 7.5%). A fosnetupitant 235-mg dose was equivalent, in terms of netupitant exposure, to 300-mg oral netupitant. The safety profile of a single fosnetupitant 235-mg infusion was similar to that of single-dose oral NEPA.

Substance use has turned out to be one of the growing social problems of the present society cutting across all sorts of boundaries of the world with Kashmir Valley being no exception to this growing pathological phenomenon.

We describe the presentation of five adults with erythrasma, misdiagnosed as tinea and prescribed antifungal treatment which resulted in incomplete clearance. The lesions were restricted to axillary and/or inguinal folds. They were dry, brown macules with fine scaling. Except for one with moderate pruritus, they were asymptomatic. No fungal elements could be demonstrated in any of the patients in 10% KOH preparation. Gram stain revealed short gram-positive rods in varying proportions. All the patients showed a pink fluorescence on Wood's lamp examination. After treatment with topical clindamycin singly or in combination with oral azithromycin, there was complete clearance of the lesions leaving normal-appearing skin in three and residual hyperpigmentation in one. The overdiagnosis of tinea in the ongoing epidemic of dermatophytosis is a potential concern. Wood's lamp examination is very useful to confirm or exclude erythrasma.

There are several modifications in the technique for the placement of mesh during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. One of these is a slit on the mesh to surround the cord structures which proponents of it suggest that it decreases the recurrence rate due to better anchoring of the mesh and lower risk of displacement. There is only low-level evidence in current literature examining the two methods. The present study aimed to provide stronger evidence in establishing whether the slit mesh technique is superior to the non-slit mesh technique.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitnib (Opzelura) as topical treatment for nonsegmental vitiligo in children and adults ages 12 years and older.The most common adverse effects are application site acne, application site itching, common cold, headache, urinary tract infection, application site redness, and fever.

The index 2020 ISASS Guideline Statement "Intraosseous Ablation of the Basivertebral Nerve for the Relief of Chronic Low Back Pain" was generated in response to growing requests for background, supporting literature, evidence, as well as proper coding for intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation. Since the guideline was published, the American Medical Association has added Current Procedural Terminology category I codes for basivertebral nerve ablation: 64628 and 64629. Additionally, the has recognized a need for greater specificity in differentiating various types of low back pain and has designatedthe code M54.51, vertebrogenic low back pain, to ensure correct diagnosis. The timing of these additions provides an opportunity to refresh the ISASS Guideline to ensure proper diagnosis and procedural coding and to update the supporting literature and evidence.

The opioid epidemic is one of the biggest public health crises of our time, and overprescribing of opioids after surgery has the potential to lead to long-term use. The purpose of this review was to identify and summarize the available evidence on interventions aimed at reducing opioid use after orthopedic surgery.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare clonal, myeloid, neoplastic disorder. Typically, juvenile xanthogranuloma is a self-limited disorder of infancy, often presenting as a solitary red-brown or yellow skin papule/nodule. A small subset of patients present with extracutaneous, systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma, which may include the CNS. The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate and categorize the neuroimaging findings in a representative cohort of pediatric patients with CNS juvenile xanthogranuloma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative intravenously administered magnesium sulfate (MS) on low back pain (LBP) after iliac venous stent implantation.