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Neonatal exposure to general anesthetics has been associated with neurotoxicity and morphologic changes in the developing brain. Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic widely used in pediatric patients to induce general anesthesia, analgesia, and perioperative sedation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a single neonatal isoflurane (3% in oxygen, 2 h) exposure in rats at postnatal day (PND) 7, in short-term (24 h – PND8) and long-term (adulthood) protocols. In PND8, ex vivo analysis of hippocampal and frontal cortex slices evaluated cell viability and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. In adult rats, behavioral parameters related to anxiety-like behavior, short-term memory, and locomotor activity (PND60-62) and ex vivo analysis of cell viability, membrane permeability, glutamate uptake, and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge in hippocampal and cortical slices from PND65. A single isoflurane (3%, 2 h) exposure at PND7 did not acutely alter cell viability in cortical and hippocampal slices of infant rats (PND8) per se and did not alter slice susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. In rat's adulthood, behavioral analysis revealed that the neonatal isoflurane exposure did not alter anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity (open field and rotarod tests). However, isoflurane exposure impaired short-term memory evaluated in the novel object recognition task. Ex vivo analysis of brain slices showed isoflurane neonatal exposure selectively decreased cell viability and glutamate uptake in cortical slices, but it did not alter hippocampal slice viability or glutamate uptake (PND65). Isoflurane exposure did not alter in vitro glutamate-induced neurotoxicity to slices, and isoflurane exposure caused no significant long-term damage to cell membranes in hippocampal or cortical slices. These findings indicate that a single neonatal isoflurane exposure did not promote acute damage; however, it reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, slice viability and glutamate uptake in the adulthood. Additionally, behavioral analysis showed neonatal isoflurane exposure induces short-term recognition memory impairment, consolidating that neonatal exposure to volatile anesthetics may lead to behavioral impairment in the adulthood, although it may damage brain regions differentially.

Persistent pain is a common and disabling health problem that is often difficult to treat. There is an increasing interest in medicinal cannabis for treatment of persistent pain; however, the limited superiority of cannabinoids over placebo in clinical trials suggests that positive expectations may contribute to the improvements.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is marked by disproportionate pain after trauma. While long-term outcome is crucial to patients, predictors or biomarkers of the course of pain or CRPS symptoms are still lacking. In particular, microRNAs, such as miR-223, decreased in CRPS, have been described only in cross-sectional studies.

To assess prevalence of central sensitization (CS) and its association with demographic and clinical factors in patients with endometriosis.

The present case reports on a 53-year-old patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute pneumonia who complained of massive right-sided chest pain and hemoptysis after a severe coughing fit. To the authors' great surprise, further clinical and radiological investigations revealed a rupture of the right intercostal muscles caused by the coughing fit, with herniation of parts of the right lower lobe of the lung down to the subcutaneous and below the M. latissimus dorsi. The patient was presented to the colleagues in thoracic surgery and needed to be operated twice, finally with a mesh insert.

Patients with chronic pain frequently suffer from anxiety symptoms. It has been well established that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of pain and anxiety. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiota, particularly the specific bacteria, play a role in the comorbidity of chronic pain and anxiety.

To describe the use of the serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) in the prehospital and retrieval environment including the ability to accurately identify those patients with thoracic trauma and clinically suspected rib fractures who would benefit from this procedure.

Home health monitoring shows promise in improving health outcomes; however, navigating the literature remains challenging given the breadth of evidence. There is a need to summarize the effectiveness of monitoring across health domains and identify gaps in the literature. In addition, ethical and user-centered frameworks are important to maximize the acceptability of health monitoring technologies.

Postoperative pain is one of the main negative symptoms resulting from surgery and the use of new methods to control this symptom is of ever-increasing relevance. Opioid-sparing strategies, such as multimodal analgesia, are trends in this scenario. Pregabalin is a well-established treatment for neuropathic pain; however, it is still controversial in the surgical context for postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregabalin on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.