YokoCo

The type of body composition modulates the severity of some musculoskeletal conditions, in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), this type of association remains relatively unexplored.

Ever-evolving modern day cataract extraction techniques have been accompanied by the use of smaller quantities and less invasive methods of anesthesia. Topical anesthesia is routinely used for phacoemulsification. However, peribulbar block or some modification of it is used for anesthesia in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) by most practitioners. The authors describe a technique using a combination of 1.5-2 milliliters of anesthetic mixture given subconjunctivally and supplemented with commercially available intracameral anesthetic and mydriatic for MSICS. It is possible to get high level of anesthetic effect and ease of surgery with this technique though there is a small learning curve. Several modifications from topical phacoemulsification like two side ports six o'clock hours apart make this surgery easy to adapt to. No special instrumentation is required. It gives adequate analgesia and anesthesia to complete the surgery. a minimalistic anesthetic approach in MSICS can be used with enhanced safety and by avoiding usual complications of traditional peribulbar and retrobulbar anesthesia.

Manual small-incision cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in ophthalmology. Most cataract surgeries are performed under local anaesthesia. Peribulbar or retrobulbar anaesthesia is commonly used to achieve analgesia and akinesia during surgery but it has various complications. Our aim was to study patient comfort and surgeon's perspective in terms of patient cooperation in MSICS under topical anaesthesia using only proparacaine 0.5% eye drops without any periocular block or intracameral drug. Also to popularise Topical MSICS similar to Topical Phacoemulsification. A prospective analytical study of 33 patients who underwent MSICS surgery from March 2022 to June 2022 using Topical proparacaine eye drops 0.5% was done and patient's comfort and surgeon's perspective in terms of patient cooperation was studied on a scale of 1-5. Out of 33 patients who underwent surgery, the average comfort score based on patient feedback was 3.45± 0.96 and average patient cooperation score based on surgeon assessment was 3.42 ± 1.07 on a scale of 1-5. We concluded that MSICS using only topical proparacaine 0.5% eye drops, can provide sufficient patient comfort and can avoid complications related to peribulbar anaesthesia. Hence it can be used in large scale cataract surgeries and also provides economical utilisation of resources, lesser complications and early post operative recovery without compromising surgical outcome.

The study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride 1% and tropicamide injection 0.02% for anaesthesia and mydriasis in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and to report any adverse drug reaction.

To compare the efficacy and safety of sub-tenon block to peribulbar block with respect to analgesia, akinesia, and complications.

Renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs), which are closely related to regulation of vascular reactivity and modulation of inflammation, play a crucial role in the process of renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have reported the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against renal I/R injury, but little is known about the role of DEX on RMECs. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX alleviated renal I/R injury via acting on the RMECs. Mice underwent bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h, and the cultured neonatal mice RMECs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation (H/R) for 24 h. The results suggest that DEX alleviated renal I/R injury in vivo and improved cell viability of RMECs during H/R injury in vitro. Gene sequencing revealed that the PI3K/Akt was the top enriched signaling pathway and the endothelial cells were widely involved in renal I/R injury. DEX activated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, increased eNOS expression, and attenuated inflammatory responses. In addition, the results confirmed the distribution of α adrenoreceptor (α -AR) in RMECs. Furthermore, the protective effects of DEX against renal I/R injury were abolished by α -AR antagonist (atipamezole), which was partly reversed by the PI3K agonist (740 Y-P). These findings indicated that DEX protects against renal I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS pathway and inhibiting inflammation responses via α -AR in RMECs.

In May 2022, cases of monkeypox were reported in non-monkeypox endemic countries such as Europe and the United States. As of 26 May, a cumulative total of 257 laboratory-confirmed cases and approximately 120 suspected cases had been reported to WHO from non-monkeypox endemic countries. This event immediately caused great concern and alarm to the WHO and national virologists. This paper aims to summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of previous monkeypox virus infections and the current local outbreaks in non-monkeypox endemic countries and propose countermeasures to control the current localized infections in non-monkeypox endemic areas as soon as possible. We reviewed the literature and websites related to monkeypox. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and African Journals Online using the medical subject terms "monkeypox", "monkeypox virus", "monkeypox outbreak", "non-monkeypox endemic areas", "clinical features", "epidemiology", "transmission", and "infection". We found that monkeypox is a zoonotic disease of forest animals that has occurred mainly in West and Central Africa since the first case was reported in the Congo in 1970, with occasional cases spreading to countries such as the United States and Europe. It is common among students, housekeepers, hunters, farmers and housewives. It is more common in males than females, occurs below middle age, and is more common in children under 10. The incubation period is 5 to 21 days, and the rash usually appears within 1 to 3 days after the onset of fever. Clinical manifestations include fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, headache, muscle pain and unusual weakness. Most patients have mild symptoms that last from 2 to 4 weeks. The source of the sudden outbreak in Europe and the United States is currently unknown and occurs mostly in homosexuals who have sex with men (MSM). Outbreaks of monkeypox virus infection in non-monkeypox endemic areas have received widespread attention and focus. We believe that a scientific response to the transmission route of monkeypox virus and, where necessary, vaccination of high-risk groups against the monkeypox smallpox will control infection in non-monkeypox endemic areas.

Dengue fever (DF) is the most common arthropod-borne viral illness with significant public health implications that can cause severe clinical symptoms and possibly death. We sought to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients presented with DF to the Royal Hospital in a recent outbreak in Oman.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.12.008.].

Interscalene nerve catheters have been proven to be effective in managing pain after rotator cuff repair (RCR) surgery. Liposomal bupivacaine is a newer approved therapy for use around the interscalene brachial plexus, but its analgesic efficacy has limited supporting data in various patient populations.