YokoCo

The neural bases of itchy eye transmission remain unclear compared with those involved in body itch. Here, we show in rodents that the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) of the trigeminal sensory system is involved in the transmission of itchy eyes. Interestingly, we further demonstrate a difference in scratching behaviour between the left and right hindfeet in rodents; histamine instillation into the conjunctival sac of both eyes revealed right-foot biased laterality in the scratching movements. Unilateral histamine instillation specifically induced neural activation in the ipsilateral sensory pathway, with no significant difference between the activations following left- and right-eye instillations. Thus, the behavioural laterality is presumably due to right-foot preference in rodents. Genetically modified rats with specific depletion of expressing neurons in the trigeminal sensory nucleus caudalis of the medulla oblongata exhibited fewer and shorter histamine-induced scratching movements than controls and eliminated the footedness. These results taken together indicate that the -expressing neurons are required for the transmission of itch sensation from the eyes, but that foot preference is generated centrally. These findings could open up a new field of research on the mechanisms of the laterality in vertebrates and also offer new potential therapeutic approaches to refractory pruritic eye disorders.

Imaging migraine premonitory studies show increased midbrain activation consistent with the ventral tegmental area, an area involved in pain modulation and hedonic feeding. We investigated ventral tegmental area pharmacological modulation effects on trigeminovascular processing and consequent glycemic levels, which could be involved in appetite changes in susceptible migraine patients.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious oral potentially malignant disorder characterized by increased collagen deposition and reduced collagen degradation causing burning sensation and difficulty in mouth opening.

Many analgesic modalities have been investigated in pediatrics for thoracotomy. We studied the analgesic efficacy of unilateral continuous ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) compared to a thoracic epidural in pediatric patients undergoing thoracotomy.

Foot function is usually assessed using self-reported outcome measures which remain subjective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Physical performance tests were recommended for functional assessment in lower limb osteoarthritis. However, foot function assessment's guidelines in RA are lacking. We aimed to investigate the correlation between a self-reported outcome measure and two performance-based physical tests for assessing foot function in RA patients.

The aim of this review was to combine the results of published cohort studies to determine the exact association between chronic liver disorders, and the severe form of COVID-19, and its associated complications.

Chronic pain, depression, and substance use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). Physical activity can improve pain and mental health. Some substances such as cannabis may alleviate pain, which may allow PLWH to participate in more physical activity. However, risks of substance use include poorer mental health and HIV clinical outcomes. This cross-sectional analysis examined the relationships of self-reported substance use (alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use), gender, and age with self-reports of walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity, converted to Metabolic Equivalent of Task Units (METs), among 187 adults living with HIV, chronic pain, and depressive symptoms in the United States. Women reported less walking, vigorous activity, and total physical activity compared to men. Individuals who used cannabis reported more vigorous physical activity relative to those who did not use cannabis. These findings were partially accounted for by substance use*gender interactions: men using cannabis reported more vigorous activity than all other groups, and women with alcohol use reported less walking than men with and without alcohol use. Research is needed to increase physical activity among women who use substances and to evaluate reasons for the relationship between substance use and physical activity among men.

A pneumorrhachis (PR) is a rare phenomenon in which air is found in the spinal canal. There are multiple etiologies, including iatrogenic, nontraumatic, and traumatic. Most traumatic PR are asymptomatic and resolve on their own, but a subset are symptomatic and require urgent surgical intervention. This case describes a traumatic PR in which a headache was the primary symptom.

Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome is a rare cause of hemorrhage. In this syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies bind to the FII epitope in its carboxy-terminal portion and form antigen-antibody complexes that are rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, conditioning hypoprothrombinemia and thus a bleeding tendency. Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome is associated with autoimmune diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus, and less frequently with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, discoid lupus, drugs, celiac disease, and haemato-oncological diseases. Immunosuppressants, mainly steroids, are the mainstay treatment, nevertheless, there is still a concern about the right treatment for this entity since there have been described less than 200 cases around the world. We describe the case of a male patient with a history of primary antiphospholipid syndrome that comes to our hospital with a severe headache due to intracranial hemorrhage, secondary to Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia.