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To evaluate the effect of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) for postoperative analgesia after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), we searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing analgesic efficacy of QLB for PCNL are included in this meta-analysis. The related trials met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software, the weighted mean difference (WMD), with their corresponding 95% CI, was calculated to compare continuous variables. Nine RCTs are included in the meta-analysis showed that QLB group had significantly lower opioids consumption (WMD – 29.59 95% CI – 43.64 to – 15.55; P < 0.00001), lessen visual analog scale (VAS) after surgery 2 h (WMD – 1.35, 95% CI – 1.93 to – 0.76; P < 0.00001), 6 h (WMD – 1.47, 95% CI – 2.04 to – 0.91; P < 0.00001) 12 h (WMD – 1.75, 95% CI – 3.17 to – 0.32; P = 0.02) and 24 h (WMD – 1.4, 95% CI – 1.86 to – 0.94; P < 0.00001), shorter hospital stay(WMD – 0.7, 95% CI -1.26 to – 0.14, P < 0.00001) and reduce intestinal exhaust recovery time (WMD – 7.41, 95% CI – 9.36 to – 5.46, P < 0.00001) than in the control group. QLB offers some potential advantages in terms of opioids consumption, VAS, hospital stay and intestinal exhaust recovery time. However, good quality and large studies with long-term follow-up are warranted for further research.

Intravenous infusion of chemotherapy drugs can cause severe chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) in patients. However, the underlying mechanism of CIP remains unclear.

During total knee arthroplasty, femur and tibia parts are regularly replaced, while resurfacing the patellar or not is an ongoing discussion. To compare revision rate, anterior knee pain rate, patient-reported outcome measures, complication, radiographic, and clinical outcomes after patellar resurfacing versus non-resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.

Migraine headache after tension headache is the most common primary headache in children, and sleep disorders can aggravate the symptoms. Melatonin has been proposed in some studies for prophylaxis of migraine headaches. This study aimed to evaluate melatonin's effect on migraine symptoms in children with migraine headaches and sleep disorders.

Intracranial lipomas account for less than 1% of all brain tumors. Corpus callosum lipoma (CCL) is a rare finding and up until now, documented cases are around 200 patients. These lipomas remain mostly asymptomatic, but when symptoms appear, they present through headache, seizure, dementia and in some cases, rather uncommon neurological disorders such as mirror writing. Fourteen years old girl with history of 8 years headache and recent development of vertigo, extremities trembling and drop attack was referred to neurologist and brain imaging confirmed CCL. Herein, we report another rare case of CCL, with common and uncommon symptoms of latter tumor in detail; in addition to reviewing the previous 80 years case reports aiming to achieve comprehensive perception from CCL. Keywords: Lipoma, Corpus callosum, Brain tumors.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-2) deficiency is a rare and autosomal recessive disorder of long-chain fatty acids oxidation. Here, we reported a 10-year-old boy with bilateral hearing loss and a myopathic form of CPT II deficiency, which was confirmed by a molecular genetic test. He was admitted to our hospital with unexplained headaches, vomiting, and fever. Furthermore, he developed seizures, muscle weakness, neck stiffness and pain, mild respiratory distress, and an icteric appearance. The laboratory test results also showed severely elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. He also had an icteric appearance with unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Further examinations revealed a normal heart and liver without any neurological disorders. Muscle pathological examination reported normal pathology without neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders and storage diseases. Finally, molecular test analysis with next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed CPT-II deficiency fatty acid oxidation disorder. Furthermore, we identified a homozygous pathogenic variant in the  gene, c.15736C>T p. (Arg5246*), which suggests the Usher syndrome type 2C and the reason for sensorineural hearing loss in this case. Our finding indicates that CPT-II can be associated with multiple symptoms and clinical features. Therefore, evaluation of CPT-II deficiency with molecular test analysis may be helpful in cases with unexplained icteric appearance, muscle weakness, and rhabdomyolysis.

Although headache is common in pediatrics, data for the Flemish population are missing. We explored headache-prevalence, and its association with communication-technology (CT) and physical activity (PA) in Flemish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional exploratory school-based questionnaire study was designed. Flemish boys and girls (5-18 years) completed a symptom-questionnaire. sociodemographic background, headache-prevalence, headache-characteristics, CT-use and PA characteristics (self-report). : associations between headache-characteristics, age, gender, and CT-use and PA-characteristics. Four hundred twenty-four questionnaires were analysed: 5-7-years: n = 58; 8-11-years: n = 84; 12-15-years: n = 137; 16-18-years: n = 145. Fifty-five percent suffered from headache. Prevalence increased with age. More 16-18-year girls versus boys had headache. CT-use was the main headache-provocateur. Headache prevalence was significantly higher in a frequently physical active population. Our results suggest presence of headache in Flemish children and adolescents. PA-level associates with headache prevalence. However, children and adolescents with headache did not report more CT-use compared to controls.

Resilience represents an active adaption process in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress. Investigations of neurobiological mechanisms of resilience opens an innovative direction for preclinical research and drug development for various stress-related disorders. The locus coeruleus norepinephrine system has been implicated in mediating stress susceptibility versus resilience. It has attracted increasing attention over the past decades with the revolution of modern neuroscience technologies. In this review article, we first briefly go over resilience-related concepts and introduce rodent paradigms for segregation of susceptibility and resilience, then highlight recent literature that identifies the neuronal and molecular substrates of active resilience in the locus coeruleus, and discuss possible future directions for resilience investigations.

Two mRNA vaccines of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 were licensed. The most common adverse event is regional pain at the injection site in 80%. As systemic reactions, fatigue and headache were noted in 40-60% and febrile illness in 10-40% of the recipients. To investigate the mechanism of adverse events, cytokine profiles were investigated in mice. Muscle tissue and serum samples were obtained on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7, and at 2 and 4 weeks after the first dose. The second dose was given 4 weeks after the first dose and samples were obtained. After inoculation with 0.1 mL of mRNA-1273, IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected in muscle tissues and serum samples on day 1 of the second doses, and similar profiles were observed for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-12 production. mRNA-1273 induced higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. TNF-α was induced in muscle tissues on day 1 of the first dose and enhanced on day 1 of the second dose after inoculation with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. IL-6 was also detected in muscle tissue on day 1 of the first dose, but it decreased after day 3, and enhanced production was demonstrated on day 1 of the second dose. G-CSF in muscle tissues showed a similar profile. The induction of inflammatory cytokines in the mouse model is related to the cause of adverse events in humans, with a higher incidence of adverse events after the second dose. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.