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To compare nociceptive event-related brain potentials elicited by a high-speed contact-thermode vs an infrared CO laser stimulator.
To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and management behavior of self-reported sport-related concussion (SRC) in Ladies Gaelic Football (LGF) players.
Fatigue is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed the relative impact of pain and disease activity on improvements in fatigue in 2 phase 3 baricitinib clinical trials.
: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a usual complication in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minimized opioid use due to surgery has been shown to have a better effect on patient recovery after surgery. In this study we evaluate the effect of opioid free anesthesia for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. : 80 patients aged 20-65 years old were included in this randomized, clinical and prospective trial. The patients belonged to the ASA classifications 1 and 2 and were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were classified into two groups: group 1 (fentanyl group- FG), which included 40 patients who received opioid anesthesia, and group 2 (opioid free anesthesia group-OFAG) which included 40 patients who received opioid free anesthesia. In patients from group 1 (fentanyl group -FG) introduction to general anesthesia consisted of giving midazolam at 0.04 mg/kg, fentanyl at 0.002 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg of propofol and 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium bromide. These patients received fractionated bolus doses of fentanyl during surgery. Prior to general anesthesia these patients did not receive dexamethasone. The patients from group 2 (opioid free anesthesia group – OFAG) received dexamethasone at 0.1 mg/kg and 1 g of paracetamol before introduction to anesthesia as a pre-emptive analgesia. Introduction to anesthesia consisted of giving midazolam at 0.04 mg/kg, lidocaine at 1 mg/kg, propofol at 2 mg/kg, ketamine at 0.5 mg/kg, and 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium bromide. Immediately after intubation, continuous intravenous infusion with lidocaine at 2 mg/kg/h and magnesium sulfate at 1.5 g/h was given. In this group, fentanyl was not given either during the introduction of anesthesia or during the intraoperative period. Immediately after extraction of the gallbladder patients from group 2 (OFAG) received 2.5 g of metamizole intravenously. PONV were recorded in the postoperative period of 24 hours after surgery. : There was no significant difference with respect to age, weight, sex, duration of surgery, and anesthesia time. PONV at different time intervals were statistically not significant at all postoperative time points – 1 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after surgery in fentanyl group compared to opioid free anesthesia group. Even not statistically significant, PONV have occurred more often in patients who received opioid anesthesia. : Postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs more often in patients who received opioids during laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to patients who received opioid free anesthesia, but without statistical significance.
The study objective was to determine whether burrowing behavior is useful as a functional index of pain in both male and female rats, and whether a 'no-training' protocol can be used to increase testing efficiency. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected in one or both hindpaws with oil vehicle or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); starting the next day, the amount of gravel each rat burrowed out of a tube in 1 h was measured daily for ≤7 days. Without preliminary training on the burrowing procedure, CFA reliably suppressed burrowing for 2-3 days compared to controls, in both sexes. However, whereas unilateral CFA completely suppressed burrowing 1-day post-CFA in nearly all males, bilateral CFA was required to do so in females. When administered 30 min before testing, once daily for 5 days post-CFA, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (0.01-3.2 mg/kg) and the opioid morphine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) significantly increased CFA-suppressed burrowing, whereas the purported cannabinoid analgesic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.01-2.0 mg/kg) did not. The benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide (1.25-10 mg/kg), included as a 'true negative' control, also did not restore CFA-suppressed burrowing in either sex. However, in CFA-treated males only, chlordiazepoxide decreased burrowing, suggesting that anxiety may contribute to burrowing in males but not females that are in pain. Overall these results suggest that burrowing is a valid, functional index of inflammatory pain in both sexes, and training on the burrowing procedure is not necessary. However, females are more avid burrowers than males, which should be considered when both sexes are used in inflammatory pain testing.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nas) play a crucial electrical signaling role in neurons. Na-isoforms present in peripheral sensory neurons and dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord are critically involved in pain perception and transmission. While these isoforms, particularly Na1.7, are implicated in neuropathic pain disorders, changes in the functional state and expression levels of these channels have not been extensively studied in vivo. Radiocaine, a fluorine-18 radiotracer based on the local anesthetic lidocaine, a non-selective Na blocker, has previously been used for cardiac Na1.5 imaging using positron-emission tomography (PET). In the present study, we used Radiocaine to visualize changes in neuronal Na expression after neuropathic injury. In rats that underwent unilateral spinal nerve ligation, PET/MR imaging demonstrated significantly higher uptake of Radiocaine into the injured sciatic nerve, as compared to the uninjured sciatic nerve, for up to 32 days post-surgery. Radiocaine, due to its high translational potential, may serve as a novel diagnostic tool for neuropathic pain conditions using PET imaging.
Evidence from rodents indicated that after recent stress, reduced expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 may weaken the blood-brain barrier and allow interleukin-6 to induce depressive symptoms. Our aims were to prove this pathomechanism in humans.
India is passing through a phase of demographic and epidemiological transition where ageing and chronic morbidities are being more common. Though studies have examined the prevalence and risk factors of pain and other chronic morbidities, nationally representative research examining the association of pain and quality of life (QoL) is limited in India. This study examines the association between pain and QoL among middle-aged and older adults in India.
With the number of older people living alone continuously rising, health-monitoring systems using information and communication technology (ICT) have been developed to manage their health issues. Life logging and human body communication sensor, types of ICT, have been adapted to manage and monitor health status of the elderly. However, its feasibility and efficacy remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of TouchCare system which combined life logging with human body communication technology and its effect on the physical and psychological status of older adults living alone.
Multiple vaccines have been tested in clinical trials for their efficacy and safety. In Saudi Arabia, Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna were approved for children, however, previous studies to report their safety profile are limited. This research aims to understand the side effect of children's vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia.